Sulfur-methane‑oxidizing chemosynthetic bacteria

It forms colossal swarms on black smokers, farming sulfide‐oxidizing bacteria in its gills.

A deep-sea eel which lives at depths of 800 to 2,000 meters, feeding on crustaceans, fish, and cephalopods.

Keystone predator and scavenger on sulfide chimneys while uniquely adapted to chronic hypoxia.

Situated in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a giant underwater mountain chain running down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, mostly 2,500 to 3,000 meters deep. Hot vents, called black smokers, release 350 °C mineral-rich fluids. Microbes here make energy from chemicals, a process called chemosynthesis. They support colonies of worms, shrimp, and mussels living in total darkness. Most threatened by Seabed Mining.