Океанът и хората са неразривно свързани

• Ocean heat storage and redistribution moderate climate and support human life.

• Ocean heat exchange moderates day/night temperature variation.

Бележки за адаптацията (на английски)

Present day/night moderation as heat storage, not a universal reversal of heat flow at sunset.

• Warm water moving from equator toward poles redistributes heat.

Бележки за адаптацията (на английски)

Printed reference names P1 without a code; C6 identifies heat transport.

• Human life depends on the ocean.

• Fisheries and aquaculture supply food.

• Marine food products also supply pet food, animal feed, additives and fertilizer.

• Humans require freshwater.

• Ocean evaporation and precipitation replenish freshwater supplies.

• The CFD describes marine photosynthesis as producing most oxygen consumed by humans.

Бележки за адаптацията (на английски)

Distinguish gross oxygen production, oxygen consumption and net atmospheric accumulation.

• oceanservice.noaa.gov

• Cyanobacteria, algae and seagrasses are photosynthetic examples.

• Photosynthesis produces oxygen while respiration and decomposition consume it.

Бележки за адаптацията (на английски)

Distinguish gross oxygen production, oxygen consumption and net atmospheric accumulation.

• oceanservice.noaa.gov

• People use ocean resources.

• Biological resources supply medicines and other products.

• Ocean energy resources include wind, waves, oil and natural gas.

• Salt is extracted from seawater.

• The ocean affects human settlement and population distribution.

• Ocean distances separated civilizations while voyages connected and settled places.

• Uses include transport, commerce, exploration, recreation and inspiration.

• Ocean access supports population centers.

• The ocean influences coastal cultures.

• Cyclones, storm surge and tsunamis threaten coastal communities.

• Hazard knowledge and preparation reduce harm.

• Human activity changes the ocean and atmosphere.

• Fishing and aquaculture affect marine environments.

• Responsible fisheries and aquaculture can supply seafood.

• Some aquaculture can reduce pressure on overfished wild populations.

Бележки за адаптацията (на английски)

Aquaculture benefits depend on feed, location, species and management; pressure reduction is not guaranteed.

• Responsible fishing can prevent overfishing and support ecosystems.

• Poorly managed fishing and aquaculture damage ecosystems.

• Aquaculture can release pollutants or non-native species and damage habitats.

• Fishing beyond recovery and unintended catch disrupt ecosystems.
• Bycatch harms unintended species and can be reduced through fishing practices.

• Non-native introductions affect ecosystems.

• Some introduced species disrupt food webs, spread disease and compete with native species.

Бележки за адаптацията (на английски)

Distinguish non-native introductions from invasive effects.

• www.fisheries.noaa.gov

• Landscape modification affects the ocean.

• Land construction changes erosion, polluted runoff and waterways.

• Piers, jetties and marinas change coastline shape and habitats.

• Human greenhouse-gas emissions affect atmosphere and ocean temperatures.

Бележки за адаптацията (на английски)

Printed P3 B5 concerns geological climate history; P3 B6 covers human emissions.

• The CFD describes excess greenhouse gases as trapping more solar heat and raising ocean temperature.

Бележки за адаптацията (на английски)

Greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit outgoing infrared radiation; do not describe their effect as simply trapping incoming solar heat.

• science.nasa.gov

• Temperature and circulation changes affect organisms' adapted ranges.

• Additional carbon dioxide uptake acidifies seawater.

• Changed carbonate chemistry affects shell/skeleton formation and can promote dissolution.

Бележки за адаптацията (на английски)

Distinguish carbonate availability for growth from dissolution under corrosive conditions.

• oceanservice.noaa.gov

• Pollution affects ocean life.

• Runoff and rivers transport pollutants through watersheds.
• Watersheds, rivers and runoff carry pollutants to the sea.

• Toxicants, turbidity, debris ingestion and entanglement harm organisms.

• Atmospheric deposition and rain transport pollutants.
• Atmospheric transport and rain deliver pollutants.

• Human waste includes garbage, fishing nets and sewage.

• Individual and collective actions support a healthy ocean.

• Continuing research informs policy and individual choices.

• National/international governance addresses fishing, development and protected areas.

• Sustainable fishing maintains populations, reduces bycatch and protects habitats.

• Protected areas can protect marine organisms and habitats.

• Responsible development supports coastal integrity.

• Public learning and action matter.

• Informed decisions can reduce human impacts.

• Responsible seafood choices can support better fishing practices.

Бележки за адаптацията (на английски)

Do not promise sustainable outcomes from a purchase alone or imply biodegradable products can be discarded at sea.

• Avoiding organism releases and managing ballast water reduces introductions.
• Avoid organism releases and manage ballast water to reduce introductions.

• Supporting construction regulation can limit coastal harm.

• Efficient energy use and lower-emission transport address climate impacts.

• The CFD names recycling, biodegradable products and not littering as pollution-reduction actions.

Бележки за адаптацията (на английски)

Do not promise sustainable outcomes from a purchase alone or imply biodegradable products can be discarded at sea.

• Purchases and business choices influence outcomes.

• Voting is one way eligible citizens influence ocean policy.
• Political participation, including voting, can influence ocean decisions.

• Actions and accurate information support advocacy.